How Facebook works

I am sharing the attached document, "Understanding How Facebook Works," which details Facebook's ad measurement, filtration, and reporting methodologies for ad impressions.

It provides key information on:

- Accreditation Status: Facebook's adherence to IAB and MRC guidelines, noting that Feed and Right-Hand Column display ad impressions are currently accredited.

- Ad Placement Types: Details on the main placements under consideration for MRC accreditation (Feed, Right-Hand Column, In-Stream Reels, and Video Feeds).

- Ad Metrics and Reporting: How Facebook counts and reports billable impressions and how advertisers can access this data via Ads Manager or the Marketing API.

Please let me know if you have any questions after reviewing the information.

I am sharing the details regarding Meta's ad impression and video measurement methodologies for your review.

Ad Impression Measurement

An ad impression is counted immediately when any part of the ad (more than zero pixels) becomes visible on the screen for more than zero seconds. A JavaScript check is performed every 100 milliseconds to confirm visibility. If the check passes, an impression is counted. This check is not available for all devices (e.g., some feature phones and Stories display), which use a "rendered" measurement methodology instead.

Video Ad Impression Measurement

Meta's display impression metric counts an impression if any pixel of the ad is visible in the viewport.

To align with MRC guidelines, Meta also offers a video play metric, which only counts an impression when the video begins playing.

2-Second Continuous Video Play Measurement

A 2-second continuous video play is counted when 50% of the video player's pixels are visible on screen and continuous playback exceeds 2 seconds. This is available in the Ads Manager and the 1P viewability report (labeled "Viewable Video Plays").

Other Measurement Details

- Compound Tracking: Not used; each impression is evaluated individually.

- Offline Measurement: Offline impressions are stored and sent only if the user comes back online within one day.

- Auto-Refresh: Facebook auto-refreshes ad impressions in the Right Hand Column (RHC) on desktop unless a user action indicates interest (like hovering). These account for half of all RHC impressions.

- Continuous Play: Video ads may be counted even if displayed without user interaction as the video feed auto-advances.

Please let me know if you have any questions regarding these standards.

I am sharing the key details regarding Facebook's ad measurement methodology.

Key Ad Impression Measurement Protocols:

- Inactivity Rules: To ensure accurate measurement, story auto-advance pauses if the screen is off or if a user is inactive after opening a video. Impressions are not counted when the screen is off.

- Cache-Busting: Facebook uses the Cache-Control HTTP header and a client impression timestamp (cts parameter) to prevent browsers from caching and reusing the same ad.

- Data Logging: All raw impressions are logged, processed through a stream architecture, and then aggregated into the data warehouse. Non-billable events are flagged and removed during this process.

Known Limitations and Edge Cases:

- Negligible Limitations: Facebook considers the effects of caching and abandonment to be negligible due to its viewport-based measurement methodology and cache-busting techniques.

- Ad Blocking/Disabled Features (Desktop Only): Measures are in place to prevent ads blocked by AdBlock/AdBlock Plus from being measured as billable. However, disabling image rendering or JavaScript can result in impressions being measured when the ad was not actually viewed.

- Server-Client Connection Break: Impressions may not be captured if a user closes the app or browser very quickly after an ad impression is generated.

- Browser/Device Issues: Viewability is not available for mobile web on Safari and Chrome. Video autoplay does not work on Safari due to missing connection type data. Missing impression events may occur on older iPads due to hardware limitations, but customers are not billed for them.

- External Factors (Desktop Only): Google Chrome’s pre-rendering function may inflate impressions, and Facebook does not measure impressions that are covered by other windows or moved off-screen.

Facebook's ad impression measurement methodologies, partner qualification controls, key business relationships, and filtering methodologies.

The document covers several specific topics, including:

- Measurement methodologies for feature phones and mobile devices with inconsistent connectivity.

- How ad impression measurement is maintained during user interruptions, such as pulling down the notification tray on Android or opening the chevron menu.

- The logging duration when a minimized video overlays an ad.

- Facebook’s role as both a "publisher" and "ad server" and its lack of significant business relationships in the transactional chain.

- The requirements for advertisers and content creators, including valid accounts, compliance reviews, and adherence to various policies.

- The use of a forced duration for certain non-skippable video ads.

- Filtering methodology for identifying and removing invalid activity, including the use of robots exclusion files.

I am sharing the details of the processes Facebook employs to identify and filter out non-human, invalid, and fraudulent activity from advertising reporting.

1. Identification of Non-Human Activity

Facebook uses the IAB Spider/Robot Blacklist and the TAG Data Center IP list, reviewed at least quarterly, to update its user agent blacklist. Requests with empty user agents are blocked, and ad impressions not generated by known browsers (via the IAB whitelist) are filtered. Bots are prevented from logging billable impressions.

2. Internal Traffic Filtering

Impressions from Facebook's internal locations and production system testing are filtered out by comparing IP addresses against a comprehensive list managed by the operations team. Test data is completely segregated from customer data.

3. Activity-Based Filtering

Events are analyzed within a defined time window relative to the user source. If events from a single user source exceed a set threshold, subsequent events are logged but marked as non-billable and excluded from reporting.

4. Identification and Filtering of Invalid Impressions and Accounts

Facebook employs multiple systems and automated checks for common invalid traffic (e.g., bots, spiders, adware, malware, fake accounts).

- Filters and thresholds are continuously monitored and updated.

- Methods are applied at both the impression and user levels (i.e., an impression can be marked non-billable, or a user can be removed).

- "Ad impressions from accounts later deemed invalid" refers to delivered impressions that were later invalidated due to fraudulent user activity. These impressions are not counted.

- For in-stream ads on Reels, additional methods are used to prevent monetization from invalid partner accounts.

5. Machine Learning Processes

Facebook uses machine learning models with over a hundred features to predict Invalid Traffic (IVT) based on score thresholds.

- Data sources include account characteristics, behavior logs, and ad interactions.

- Monitoring processes on training data trigger alerts for human intervention upon anomaly detection (e.g., a decrease in accuracy).

- Models are continuously retrained and evaluated.

- Machine learning training and evaluation data are maintained with minimal bias; IVT processes are not approved if bias is detected.

Thank you for providing the detailed information regarding Facebook's invalid traffic (IVT) detection and data reporting practices.

This documentation clearly outlines:

- IVT Detection: The combined use of machine learning and human review, the appeal process for false positives and negatives, and the dynamic optimization of the human-to-ML ratio.

- Decision Rate: Facebook's ability to collect sufficient information for IVT determination on 100% of Facebook and Instagram traffic.

- Data Consistency and Filtering: The time check and maximum activity frequency limits used to filter invalid impressions.

- Data Reporting: The availability of reporting tools in the Ads Manager, standard viewability export requests, and quality assurance processes.

- Data Reissuance/Refunds: The formal investigation process for spend issues, with credit or refund decisions made on a case-by-case basis.

- Data Retention: The varying retention policies with minimum standards, noting that customers are responsible for storing older reporting data.

This information is very helpful for understanding your platform's commitment to data integrity and ad quality.

#mynewupdate #facebook #socialmedia 

What is definition Twitter ?

I am sharing this comprehensive overview of X (formerly Twitter).

X is a free social networking and microblogging site where registered users can broadcast short posts, commonly called tweets, which can be up to 280 characters and include text, videos, photos, or links. Users can share, like, and reply to tweets. Unregistered users can only read tweets, and all users require an internet connection to use the app or website (x.com).

Popular Uses of X:

- Communication: The most common use is to communicate with friends and connect with others by following their feeds.

- Information Sharing: It is widely used to share and receive real-time information on various topics (e.g., politics, sports, etc.) with followers (people who follow an account). Users can also retweet (repost) content.

- Connecting with Brands and Public Figures: Many use X to get the latest updates and promotions from companies or to follow business leaders, politicians, athletes, and celebrities for timely news.

- Real-Time News: X is known for its ability to quickly share information during breaking news and disasters, often providing first-hand accounts. Examples include the 2009 US Airways flight water landing in the Hudson River and the 2008 Mumbai hotel terrorist attack.

#mynewupdate #x #twitter

Unlike instant messages (IMs), which disappear, tweets are permanent, searchable, and public by default, though users can choose to protect their tweets. The more followers a user has, the greater their reach and engagement.

Important Note on Criticism:

The platform faces ongoing criticism due to the increasing spread of misinformation and disinformation, particularly from prominent users. Users are strongly advised to double-check the veracity of any news or updates published on X.

I am sharing the comprehensive history and operational overview of X, formerly Twitter, that I compiled for the [Purpose of Document/Project] project.

This document covers:

• - The History of X (Twitter): Key milestones from its origin as an Odeo project in 2006, through its incorporation in 2007, transformation into a mainstream media platform by 2009, major business events (IPO, profitability, character limit increase), the 2022 acquisition by Elon Musk, and the 2023 rebranding to X. It also includes the 2025 sale to xAI.
• - How X Works: An explanation of the platform's functionality, including posting short-form content (up to 280 characters), user interaction (commenting, liking, reposting), and how the timeline is populated based on followers, searches, and promoted content.
• - Posting Content: A description of how messages (now referred to as "posts" or "tweets") are published to a user's profile and distributed to followers' feeds.

Please review this information and let me know if you have any questions or require further detail.

I am providing an overview of key functionalities on X (formerly Twitter) for your reference.

Core Features of X:

- Hashtags: Users can add hashtags (#keyword) to their posts to weave them into a conversation or connect them to a common theme, making them searchable under that keyword.

- Interactions: Users can interact by retweeting posts, commenting on or replying to them, and liking posts to show approval.

- Direct Messages (DMs): Users can send private links and messages to each other. By default, users do not need to follow each other to initiate a conversation unless the recipient has restricted message access.

- Searching: Users can search for people, topics, or keywords using the search bar. To find a specific account handle, an @ symbol is added (e.g., @elonmusk). The #Explore function is also available for finding keywords and trending topics, which are determined by an algorithm based on user preferences and location.

- Following: By default, anyone can follow a public account by clicking the "Follow" button. Following is not reciprocal. Private accounts require the owner's approval to be followed.

- Feed Management (X Pro): X offers a desktop client called X Pro (formerly Tweet Deck) for managing multiple accounts, scheduling posts, and discovering content. Access to X Pro requires an X Premium or X Premium+ subscription.

- Addressing Fake Accounts: The verified account badge helps limit fake accounts by indicating that an account is legitimate and that the identity has been verified by X. Verification requires the account to be associated with a prominent brand or individual and meet specific criteria.

Let me know if you have any questions.

I am sharing an overview of the key business applications and challenges related to the X platform, formerly Twitter.

Business Use of X

Businesses primarily use X for brand awareness and public relations as part of a broader social media marketing strategy. The benefits include:

• - Engaging with customers and providing timely customer service.
• - Partnering with celebrities for advertising or promotions.
• - Monitoring competitors and conducting market research.
• - Announcing new products, sales, and events.

Companies can also purchase promoted tweets (ads) to reach a wider audience. They also leverage "tags" (mentioning a celebrity's X handle) for promotional or community-building purposes.

Issues and Challenges Related to X

Common problems associated with the platform include:

• - The Spread of Misinformation: The platform's speed makes it difficult to stop the spread of fake news. The Community Notes program was launched to allow users to add context and source material to limit misinformation.
• - Twitter Bots: Automated programs can accurately mimic human speech and are used to build follower numbers, spread misinformation, or for unethical advertising.
• - Harassment and Negative Comments: This affects both individuals and businesses.
• - Data Security and Privacy: The platform has been compromised multiple times, such as the July 2020 crypto scam that targeted several celebrity accounts.

Changes Since Musk’s Acquisition

Since October 2022, several changes have been implemented:

• - Name Change: The company legally changed its name from Twitter to X Corp.
• - X Premium: A paid subscription service with Basic, Premium, and Premium+ tiers, offering features like post editing, fewer ads, and access to the Grok AI assistant.
• - Company Layoffs: The workforce was reduced by approximately 80%, initially resulting in financial losses but showing signs of recovery by early 2025 due to a streamlined operating model.
• - Tweet View Count: Users can now see the reach of their posts.

#socialmedia #twitter #mynewupdate

Youtube

I am sharing some information about YouTube that you may find helpful.

What is YouTube?  

YouTube is a free video-sharing platform launched in 2005. It allows users to easily watch, create, and upload their own videos. It has become one of the most popular sites on the web, with visitors watching nearly six billion hours of video each month.

Why Use YouTube?

YouTube's popularity stems from its endless video availability—with an average of 100 hours of video uploaded every minute, there is always new content across every category (e.g., entertainment, educational, instructional).

Another key reason for its success is that it is entirely based on user-generated content, offering creative videos made by people just like you. Users are encouraged to join the community, record, and share their own videos.

Is YouTube Suitable for Everyone?

It is important to note that not all YouTube content is suitable for everyone, particularly children under 13. However, tools like Safety Mode can be used to limit the types of videos that are accessible. More details on parental controls will be covered in our upcoming lesson.

Understanding Embedded Videos

YouTube videos can be watched directly on the YouTube website or embedded on another site (like ours). If the video is embedded, you can watch it without navigating to YouTube, although you can choose to go to the YouTube site by clicking the button in the lower-right corner of the video player.

Ads and Cards

Most YouTube videos include third-party advertising, which may appear before the video. Many ads can be skipped after a few seconds. Creators may also add "cards"—pop-up notifications used to link to other videos, tutorials, or relevant content.

Signing In to YouTube

We recommend signing in to YouTube, as this allows you to like, comment on, share, and upload/edit videos. You will need a Google account to sign in. Instructions on creating a Google account are available in our Google Account tutorial.

Navigating and the Homepage

To sign in, go to www.youtube.com (https://www.youtube.com), click "Sign In" in the upper right corner, and enter your Google account details. Once signed in, the YouTube homepage will display trending, popular, and suggested videos. Click any video to play it.

Mobile and TV Viewing

• - Mobile: Over 40% of YouTube traffic comes from mobile devices. The free YouTube app for Android and iOS is designed similarly to the desktop site.

• - TV: If your TV is connected to Wi-Fi or a streaming device (e.g., Roku, Chromecast, gaming console), you can watch videos using the YouTube app. Visit [Link to Google Support Page] to check device support. You can also pair your computer or mobile device with your TV for easier viewing (see the YouTube Help Channel video on pairing for instructions).

Searching for Videos

To search, type your query into the search bar and click the Search button. Results will appear below the bar.
I am trying to draft a clear explanation of where related videos appear after a user finishes watching a video (when auto play is turned off).

Could you please review and confirm the following points?

- Related videos will appear in the video player after the current video finishes.
- Other related videos will appear to the right of the player.
- These videos may be from the same creator or contain content similar to what other users viewed.
Please let me know if this explanation is accurate or requires any changes.

#youtube #mynewupdate #socialmedia